Essay on Humanism, Behaviorism, and the Cognitive Theory

Humanism, behaviorism, and the cognitive theory Depending on how you look at it humanists, behaviorists, and cognitivists can be very different or very much alike. When looking at the three side by side humanists are the least structured, behaviorists are the most structured, and cognitivists fall somewhere in between. Each theory has its own ideas and ways of learning. Humanism believes learning occurs primarily through reflection on personal experiences. Cognitivism thinks learning occurs primarily through exposure to logically presented information. Finally behaviorism believes learning occurs primarily through the reinforcement of desired responses (Kramlinger Huberty, 2003). Our society is very dependent on rewards such as†¦show more content†¦Humanists believe that people are influenced by their self-perceptions and personal meanings attached to their experiences. The humanist theory helps to develop critical thinking, judgment, and creativity. They encourage to empower and take control over their learning pr ocesses not be just concentrating on the reward at the end They encourage people to look into themselves for the answers to their questions. Behaviorists believe the exact opposite. They believe we are solely the product of our environment, and by controlling rewards and punishments you can shape the behavior of another person. Humanists also believe in stimulating people though asking question to help them draw on their past experiences to extract lessons (DeMar, 2007). The cognitive theory also believes in learning from prior experiences. They believe prior experiences, knowledge, and expectations are key to learning (Learnativity, 2002). The cognitive theory has a great way of thinking. Many self-help books have been written on the cognitive point-of-view. They believe that by changing our thoughts we can change our mood, decrease our anxiety, or improve our relationships. By thinking more positively we can easily quit smoking, make more friends, enjoy our job, pretty mu ch do anything we set our mind to. Their basic premise is, if we perceive the glass as half full rather than half empty, the world will look much brighter. And in aShow MoreRelatedApplying Learning Theory Of Life1507 Words   |  7 Pages Applying Learning Theory to Life Kristen Lewis PSY331: Psychology of Learning Nina Dulabaum 2 Feb 2015 Introduction: Learning can be defined as a lasting change in behavior of an entity that is down to the experience gained by the entity. The basic purpose of this paper is to apply the learning principles to by presenting and teaching the information to others in the workforce, to help people learn in the best way. 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Headstart Early Learning Centre - 1955 Words

My centre, HeadStart Early Learning Centre is located at 6-8 Wattle Street, West Ryde, NSW 2114 Australia, north-west of the Sydney Central Business District (CBD). It is built on a quite suburban street surrounded by houses and apartments, as well as a park across the road. The community in the suburb of West Ryde consists of many cultures ranging from Chinese to Lebanese and Italian backgrounds. The centre is opened all year round and their trading hours for Mondays to Fridays are 7am till 6pm and provides nappies and nutritious meals that are freshly prepared in-house by a qualified cook. The educators are all of different cultural backgrounds, languages and studies in the field of education, which helps provide high quality programs†¦show more content†¦The number of children vary on certain days, as there are some who only come on certain days. Play-based learning is described as a â€Å"context for learning through which children organise and make sense of their social worlds, as they actively engage with people, objects and representations† (EYLF 2009, p. 46). Headstart Early Learning Centre has a strong emphasis on play-based learning as they believe it is the best vehicle for a child’s learning as it provides the most appropriate stimulus for their brain development. The centre aims to guide children in becoming effective learners through creating an environment that is both challenging and stimulating. In doing so, children are allowed the opportunity to â€Å"explore, identify, negotiate, take risks and create meaning† (Early Childhood Australia, 2016) through guiding their own learning. The centre believes that by children engaging in quality play experience, they will be able develop the required skills needed to adjust in primary school and academic learning; these include â€Å"memory skills, language development and their ability to regulate their behaviour† (Bodrova Leong, 2005). The centre demonstrates a high-quality, play-based learning program as they integrate music, movement and creative expression as well as incorporating physical play both indoor and outdoor on a daily basis. In implementing a play-based learning program within the centre, educators are allowing the

Nvq Assignment free essay sample

Health and social care professions have in common the concept of a duty of care toward their users. This means that the wellbeing of the service user should be central to their work. All treatment given must have a therapeutic benefit to the user or must be essential for saving life. Service users should be given sufficient information about any treatment they are offered so that they can make an informed decision about whether or not to take it. Information should include the benefits and possible risks of the treatment, the likely duration of treatment and any financial costs. The service user should also be given information on alternatives to the treatment being offered. Mental Health Act 1983 generally, service users detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 must be told what the Act has to say about treatment for mental disorder. This includes the circumstances, if any, under which they can be treated without consent, the circumstances in which they have the right to refuse treatment, the role of second opinion appointed doctors, and, where relevant, the rules on electroconvulsive therapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Nvq Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Where a particular treatment is proposed during detention, the service user has a right to be given sufficient information to ensure that he or she understands the treatment in broad terms, including its nature, likely effects and significant possible adverse outcomes, the likelihood of its success and any alternatives to it. However, the Act allows service users to be given certain treatments in an emergency, for example in response to an immediate crisis; in this situation the health professionals are not legally obliged to ascertain whether a patient is capable of consenting to the treatment, or to discuss the treatment in full. As a matter of good practice, however, notes relating to an individuals mental capacity and attitude to receiving the treatment should be recorded on his or her medical file. Mind has produced an outline guide to the Mental Health Act 1983. Where health and social care professionals have reason to believe that the service user does not have the capacity to understand the information or make an informed decision, they must act in accordance with the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Over the past two decades the concept of choice has become important to the health and social care professions, and to the government departments that make policies affecting these sectors. It is now widely accepted that service users should be able to make informed choices about the most suitable treatments for themselves. However, a patient does not have a legal right to demand a particular treatment and complete choice does not always happen in practice (e. g. the preferred treatment may not be available within a service users local area). Service users have the right to refuse treatment (unless they are sectioned under the Mental Health Act or have capacity issues covered under the Mental Capacity Act 2005). Health and social care professionals should treat service users in ways that enhance their capacity to choose, and should not undermine their capacity (e. . by withholding necessary information or presenting alternative options in a negatively biased manner). Service users should be given sufficient information about any treatment they are offered so that Health and social care professionals must treat service users with dignity. The concept of dignity can be subjective, and each person has his or her own idea of what this means; nevertheless, the Dignity in care campaign has shown that service users clearly consider dignity important. Issues such as gender, culture, religion and previous life experience will impact on an individuals idea of dignified treatment; finding out about these issues is a crucial part of treating a person with dignity. The Department of Health and the Social Care Institute for Excellence use the following definition of dignity in health and social care: Dignity in care means the kind of care, in any setting, which supports and promotes, and does not undermine, a persons self-respect regardless of any difference. Professional associations often have their own definitions of what it means to treat service users with dignity; in many cases, this is linked to the professions duty of care People sectioned under the Mental Health Act and people with capacity issues must also be treated with dignity: a 2007 amendment to the Mental Health Act has increased the penalty for professionals guilty of ill treatment or neglect of people under section. Service users covered by the Mental Capacity Act 200 5 must always be treated in their best interests, including attention to the beliefs, values and wishes of the individual.

Fear Loathing in Las Vegas Essay Example

Fear Loathing in Las Vegas Paper Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas by Hunter S. Thompson unmasks the reality of the American Dream. In the book Thompson portrays and reveals the American Dream as dead, but also as an illusion created by American society. The American Dream was originally portrayed as the notion that you must work hard to achieve the wealth you wish to gain, but now the American Dream in reality consists of people cheating their way to the Dream. Thompson depicts this reality with different events throughout the book and by setting the story in Las Vegas. Thompson, from the very beginning, mentions the American Dream to the reader. He introduces the American Dream as if it were real: were on our way to Las Vegas to find the American Dream (6). The American Dream is never clearly stated to be a certain information or idea. But we always assume that the American Dream is achieved through hard work and aspiration to do the impossible. Raoul Duke and Dr. Gonzo sets out on a Journey to Las Vegas to find the American Dream. Duke and Dr. Gonzo dont realize that the American Dream is only an illusion. We will write a custom essay sample on Fear Loathing in Las Vegas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fear Loathing in Las Vegas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fear Loathing in Las Vegas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Dream is always in sight, but you are never able to reach it. l tell you, my man, this is the American Dream in action! (10). They think that, because of the good fortune that that they have received, they are living the American Dream. When Raoul Duke and Dr. Gonzo set out on their Journey at the beginning of the book, they have a carload of drugs and illegal substances. I think, because they are always high, they are living part of the American Dream of not caring what they do. When they go to Las Vegas, they have no regard for the law at all. In Part Two of the book, Duke and Dr. Gonzo attend the District Attorneys Conference on Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs with many law enforcers in attendance. They attend the conference high and go unnoticed in front of all of the law enforcers. Because they are under the influence of illegal substances at the conference and none of the officers notice, it seems as if they are living in an illusion where crimes go unnoticed and therefore are living the American Dream. Being in Las Vegas, you would expect to find crazy people, people on drugs, and eople who Just dont care what they do and let loose. Las Vegas is bright with lights to capture the attention of people searching for the American Dream. Las Vegas is the short cut to the top. People go to Las Vegas to escape the reality of their lives; Las Vegas is the illusion of the American Dream: Still humping the American Dream, that vision of the Big Winner somehow emerging from the last-minute pre-dawn chaos of a stale Vegas casino (57). Because the book is exemplify mainly in Las Vegas, Thompson displays how the city is the perfect place to set the illusion of the American Dream. Throughout the book, Hunter S. Thompson writes about the American Dream. He portrays the American Dream as an illusion and uses many examples and the setting to us perceive the illusion. In the end, the American Dream is only an illusion portrayed by living the high life but by not working hard to get there. The idea of the American Dream is only there to push us in the direction we wish to go in our lives. Fear Loathing in Las Vegas By paigegibo

Ethics and faith

Introduction Education should be a right not a privilege. Woody Allen’s film provides a perfect platform for the discussion of the immoral and ethical. In this motion picture, he seems to support the defeat of the religious as seen through the death of the most religious person in the story – Ben. In order to make a comprehensive discussion, one must incorporate the views of philosophers such as Kierkegaard ad Nietzsche.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and faith specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whether faith should play a role in what it means to live an ethical life The events in ‘Crimes and Misdemeanors’ occur at a time when the state of morality in society has declined. Some acts can be permitted by law, but are not necessarily acceptable in religious circles (Crimes and Misdemeanors). In a place where God is not that significant, then certain unthinkable actions, such as murd er, are tolerable. In this case, faith had been suspended from the lives of those involved and one would argue that the main character – Judah – had also discarded morality. Nonetheless in order to know for sure whether ethics was not relevant in Judah’s decisions, then some insights from Friedrich Nietzsche would be in order. Nietzsche believes that morality can either be understood from the point of view of the slave or a master. The master often preaches morality, especially Christianity to the masses as a means of controlling them. He believes that people who act in accordance to religious moral structures are weak and powerless. Religion causes people to continuously regret or feel guilty over their actions. However, the master views the world in a totally different light. It is devoid of any moral laws and man can, therefore, curve his own path or define his own identity. The master is some sort of superman because Nietzsche believes that religion is a man -made creation. The master must now create his own set of laws or ethics that will govern his life. In the film, one would argue that Judah was the ‘superman’. He chose to abandon the religious values that his father taught him, and instead created his own set of rules. Although it was difficult for Judah to get over the guilt that haunted him after his mistress’ death, he finally transcended it. He was able to come to his ‘true nature’ by overcoming the weakness of religion. Nietzsche would say that Judah was strong enough to get over his guilt-ridden religious structure and find peace with his actions. The philosopher would also argue that Judah created his own set of ethics and thus triumphed in the end. It is only those who stick to their true sense of will who are the most justified (Kaufmann 122).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the flipside, ano ther philosopher –Soren Kierkegaard asserts that man must pass through three phases of life before reaching the highest consciousness. In the aesthetic phase, one is only concerned about one’s desires. Issues such as beauty, comfort and food are all that one thinks about. However, one can move from this stage to the ethical one, in which other people’s concerns become significant. Nonetheless, the individual is still the main focus in the phase. Lastly, one may opt to move onto the religious phase, where one’s commitment to God takes center stage. One’s dedication to one’s religious teachings takes precedence over all else; hence the mention of Abraham who was willing to suspend ethical believes for his faith. To Kierkegaard, faith gives purpose and meaning to the other two stages of life, so it should never be suspended for the other. In Woody Allen’s movie, Judah abandons his religious beliefs for his familial responsibilities, and thus rationalizes his actions. Kierkegaard would state that Judah retrogressed by going back to stage two. He chose not to obey God unconditionally, and thus ruined his chances of eternal happiness. This philosopher would assert that Judah never got to the highest level of consciousness (Kierkegaard 81). While Nietzsche’s views assist individuals in finding satisfaction in life; these recommendations do not necessarily mean that humans will act ethically. When God is eliminated from the world, then no right or wrong answer exists. All human beings then come up with their own ethical laws, which reflect the path that they have chosen for themselves. In a world such as this, there would be no mechanism to decide which one of the many ethical laws is more rational or appropriate over the other. This brings out the importance of faith and God in the field of ethics. Conclusion From the above reflections, it is clear that faith plays an indispensable role in ethics. Kierkegaard ar gued that one’s soul was not one’s own but the Lord’s. This is what true happiness is about. Although it may seem that Judah triumphed in the film, one still questions the ideal picture portrayed of Judah and his wife.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and faith specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even his mistress, Dolores, observed that he came to life when he was with her and seemed lifeless when he was with his wife. In fact, one should question whether Judah was really happy after eliminating Dolores. In a world devoid of religious laws, individuals are left to choose their own rules. They will rationalize their deeds irrespective of how unethical they are. Judah believed that he was doing the right thing by murdering the neurotic and indiscriminate Dolores. Human beings have a great capacity to rationalize the most extreme actions. Even Hitler thought that massacring a whole race was the greatest service he was offering to mankind. Nietzsche’s views endorse moral relativism and this leave a lot room for unethical acts. Faith and religion should be incorporated into ethics because they provide a moral compass for assessing the goodness of others’ actions. Works Cited Crimes and Misdemeanors. Ex. Prod. Woody Allen film. NY: Metro Goldwyn Meyer. 1989. DVD. Kaufmann, Walter. On the Genealogy of morals, NY: Vintage books, 1974. Print. Kierkegaard, Soren. Fear and trembling, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. Print. This essay on Ethics and faith was written and submitted by user Juliet E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tom Joad Essays - U.S. Route 66, Dust Bowl, The Grapes Of Wrath

Tom Joad Essays - U.S. Route 66, Dust Bowl, The Grapes Of Wrath Tom Joad The story starts out by Tom Joad hitchhiking home after being released from the state prison. He's finally on parole. He served four years of his seven year sentence. While walking, he catches a ride with a truck driver who takes him to his old house, on his family's farm. While he walks the rest of the way from where the truck driver dropped him off, he meets Jim Casy, who is a preacher. Jim explains to Tom, that's he's been away from home trying to figure out some important things in his mind, and now that he's figured out all things are holy, he doesn't need to be a preacher anymore, but just to live with the people because they are holy. As they walk down the driveway to Tom's old house, they notice that there is no one there. Someone starts to approach them, and it's Muley Graves, who let's Tom know that his family are at his Uncle Jim's. So Jim and Tom sleep in the fields that night and start the walk the next day to his Uncle's house. Once they arrive, they find Tom's family packing up and getting ready to go on a trip. Tom's father explains to him that the banks and large companies closed out all the small farmers, and now most of them are heading out to California where there is supposed to be work. When everyone was ready to leave Grampa Joad didn't want to go, so they had to drug him to get him into the car to go on their way. When they stop to rest on the first night of the journey, Grampa Joad has a stroke and dies immediately. They bury Grampa along the way to California in a blanket some migrants gave them. The migrants were the Wilson's, who car had broken down. The Joad family offered to help fix their car, and one it was fixed the two families began their trip together. Once they reached California, Mrs. Wilson got really sick, so the Joad family gave the Wilson's some money and food and continued on their way. During the whole trip out west, Granma Joad had been getting sicker and sicker, Ma Joad finally realizes that she's dying. They had to start a long drive through the desert one night, and while they were driving Granma dies early into the night. A guard stops them during their trip and Ma Joad explains to the guard that they need to get to a doctor because Granma is very sick. The guard let's them go, and Ma tells the family to drive on. Once they make it safely across the desert, Ma tells the family that Granma is dead, so they must bury her as a poor person because they don't have enough money for the funeral. They finally arrive at a place, even though dirty and disorderly, where plenty of migrants were living. But the men are unable to find work. The Joad's pack up and leave when a contractor comes and asks if anyone wants work. The first person to ask what the pay was got arrested and was accused "red". A fight started and the sheriff told the whole camp it'll be burned. The Joad's are still unable to find work and soon they ran out of money and food, so they must look quickly. They soon hear of work in a peach orchard. Once they arrived they were escorted by a policeman and they immediately started picking peaches, so they could have something to eat that night. Tom wants to know what's going on with all the yelling and screaming outside in the orchard late that night. So he sticks his head out to find his friend Jim, who was arrested awhile ago, Jim tells Tom about how they are striking because the owner of the peach orchard had cut their wages in half. While they are talking some men come around looking for Jim, and once they found him they immediately killed him. Tom becomes extremely upset and kills one of the men. One of the Joad children goes about bragging on how Tom killed someone, and his mother finds him and tells

Business to Business marketing report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business to Business marketing report - Essay Example This figure shows how the company is progressing and has a good position in the market (Ellis, 2010). Hilti believes more on innovation rather on corporate acquisitions or of technology. Hilti follows â€Å"Champion 3C† strategy which means Customer, Competence and Concentration. They believe that customers are the key word for profitability and growth. In order to satisfy the customers, they have to fight with different competences. Companies’ model states that culture and people are the main element for the company. They say that product can be copied at any time but people and culture are always unique. Hilti’s product, market and channel management strategies are the â€Å"Product Portfolio Management†, â€Å"Market Research† and â€Å"Operational Excellence†. Hilti like other companies wants their product to lead the market (Ellis, 2010). A lot of market research is been done by the company so that products can be designed according to customer needs. Starting from research and development to after sale service is the motive of the company. The way Hilti design its market research program clearly defines that they only want customer benefits and value added products and services for them. To improve their internal employee’s efficiency and increase customer satisfaction level, they are operating their business function on a world wide area. Hilti has a leading position in most of their markets like power tools, fastening devices, construction related equipments and many related services. To grow faster than the market, the company increased their sales in 2012 (Ellis, 2010). Hilti has competitors like Black & Decker, Illinois Tool Works, Stanley Tools, Techtronic Industries, Bosch, Makita, Hitachi Power Tools, Wiirth, ITW Red head and Fischer (Ellis, 2010). Hilti was different from its competitors in customer groups, product categories and distribution systems. Hilti deliver their products through direct